Saturday, May 23, 2020
The Remains Of The Day By Kazuo Ishiguro And The Play...
Our most basic memory is the meaning of the word itself. When that word is flashed in front of us, our minds immediately conclude that a memory is a recollection of a past event. But, out of the millions of long and short-term memories in the archives of our brains, what makes us remember specific events and forget others? To what extent do memories serve as a guideline to the type of personality and characteristics an individual displays? In the novel The Remains of the Day by Kazuo Ishiguro and the play Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, memories are used for the understanding of main characters. Ishiguro uses memories to narrate Stevensââ¬â¢ past working for royalty and his struggle to transition into the modern world. Miller usesâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦He will always try to live up to the high standards his father set for himself as he did that night. In Death of a Salesman Willy is abandoned by his father at a very young age as well as his brother Ben who leaves for Alaska where he makes a fortune. In addition, Willy and his son Biff are constantly in dispute over Willyââ¬â¢s opinion that Biff lacks a real job and has no purpose to his life. At Frankââ¬â¢s Chophouse, when Biff returns from an interview with a potential employer, Willy is expecting good news. As the two go back and forth arguing and not listening to each other, Willy begins to ramble and has a flashback from the past. Unaware of his surrounding and the conversation he is presently in, he says, ââ¬Å"No, no! You had to go and flunk math! â⬠¦ If you hadnââ¬â¢t flunked youââ¬â¢dââ¬â¢ve been set by now!â⬠(Miller 65) Willy is remembering the fact that Biff was not able to graduate high school because he failed his math class. Willy, in distress, hurries into the bathroom and continues to babble while his two sons, Biff and Happy, leave the restaurant abandoning their father. This memory that Willy recalls shows that he feels responsible for his son s failur e and will never forget the reason Biff did not end up successful which ultimately led to the abandonment of father by son. When reflecting on the past a sense of regret arises when feelings of missed opportunities are thought of. In The Remains of the Day Stevens comes to the realization that he missed an opportunityShow MoreRelated Work and Happiness in Death of a Salesman and Remains of the Day2913 Words à |à 12 PagesWork and Happiness in Death of a Salesman and Remains of the Day à à à à What a person does to make a living often defines who that person is. Because so much time and energy is invested into work, work is often seen as an extension of oneself. One of the first questions that someone asks after meeting you for the first time is about what you do for a living. The belief is that by knowing what you do, one should be able to tell something about who you are. People almost never ask the more telling
Monday, May 18, 2020
African Culture Africa Is A Mystery - 1378 Words
AFST 201W Mengyao Li Prof.E.Julmisse 10/22/15 African Culture Africa is located in the south of the Mediterranean Sea and Europe with the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. For most people, Africa is a mystery, a dream, a place often gives people unlimited reveries. where the dense lush tropical rainforest, the world s most vast expanse of the Sahara, there is quaint rough customs, as well as their rich flavor food. To me, before I really search African, I thought that the African countries are poor, are behind the modern. And when I searched the African culture, one result even show the discussion of the existence of African culture. But the history tells the truth, African has its culture. Culture is a social phenomenon, a product of the long-form creation, and it is also a historical phenomenon, it is the accumulation of social and historical objects. Culture is condensed in substance drifted away into another substance that can be national or ethnic heritage of history, geography, customs, trad itions, lifestyle, literature and art, code of conduct, ways of thinking and values, etc. African music, dance, art, religion are the most common culture that people know. Unlike what I know about Africa, Africa is not poor everywhere. Even Mali, one of the poorest country in the world now, was very wealthy about 600 years ago. Mali was under Ghana Empireââ¬â¢s control before, but Mali Empire was established by Sundiata after the decadence ofShow MoreRelatedPerceptions of Bushmen Culture Essay1399 Words à |à 6 PagesIn the 1800s Europeans discovered Saartjie Baartman, a South African Bushman woman. They called her the Hottentot Venus and exploited her mainly because of her physical and cultural differences. Hottentot, Khoisan, San and Bushmen are all common names for the group of indigenous people of which she belonged. These people have been largely viewed by Western society as ââ¬Å"savages who were part human, part animalâ⬠and considered to be ââ¬Å"the lowest rung in the ladder of human development.â⬠This unilateralRead MoreAfrican Atrocities1678 Words à |à 7 Pagesaround as in karma. In todayââ¬â¢s society slavery can be interpreted in different ways according to the culture of the people. In this topic discussion slavery and the atrocities associated with it will be examined and explored. . One of the largest and prime examples would be the African Trans-Atlantic slave trade. Although not the only slave trade engineered by Europeans, Jews and SpaniardsRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Heart of Darkness and Things Fall Apart1346 Words à |à 6 PagesMelisa Chan English Language and Literature Instructor Van Andel ------------------------------------------------- February 1, 2013 Viewing Africa From Two Sides Of A Coin. There arenââ¬â¢t many novels about the true face of Africa on bookshelves, especially not novels written by an author who knows Africa best during the time of its pre-colonial period. Things Fall Apart is a novel worth reading because itââ¬â¢s eye opener for those with not-very-positive stereotypes of the continent. In factRead MoreEssay about Harlem Renaissance Poets: Countee Cullen and Langston Hughes1142 Words à |à 5 Pagesmajority of African Americans moved from South to the North of the United States. New economic and artistic opportunities led them to create and identify themselves in their own culture and heritage. This movement is well-known as the Harlem renaissance. It was accompanied by new lifestyle, music styles, and plenty of talented writers. This paper discusses two poems from this period: Heritage, written by Countee Cullen, and The Weary Blues, written by Langston Hughes. There is a lot of mystery aboutRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad And The Portrayal Of Women1679 Words à |à 7 Pagestravels the world in a steamboat. His journey starts from the Thames River in England to deep in the Congo River of Africa. Marlowââ¬â¢s mission is to locate and retrieve Europeââ¬â¢s best agentââ¬âMr. Kurtz. As the search for Kurtz proves to be both horrifying and revealing, it brings Marlow face to face with the ââ¬Å"heart of darknessâ⬠. As Marlow unfolds Africaââ¬â¢s mystery, he sees more and more of Africa being wrongfully exploited. Within the complex framework of Marlowââ¬â¢s physical and mental journey, Joseph ConradRead MoreJoseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1488 Words à |à 6 PagesJoseph Conradââ¬â¢s s novel Heart of Darkness portrays an image of Africa that is dark and inhuman. Not only does he describe the actual, physical continent of Africa as ââ¬Å"so hopeless and so dark, so impenetrable to human thought, so pitiles s to human weaknessâ⬠, (Conrad 154) as though the continent could neither breed nor support any true human life. Conrad lived through a time when European colonies were scattered all over the world. This phenomenon and the doctrine of colonialism bought into at hisRead MoreNuba Wrestling, The Original Art880 Words à |à 4 Pagesoriginally an art form from Africa (It is similar to Nuba Wrestling mixed with Hausa Boxing) and that the Greeks adopted it as their own. Nigel noted, their style of wrestling called Pankration is said to derive its name from two ancient Egyptian gods; Ra and Aton. Therefore Pan-Ra-Aton/ or Pankration meaning all-powerful God, or spirit. He also makes mention that the name Greece is from Africa-Niââ¬â¢grecia (Land of Blacks) and that the Greeks were very fond of African cultures in that day and time. MostRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1347 Words à |à 6 PagesCulture is an Important Element of Society Chinua Achebe is the author of when Things Fall Apart while Joseph Conrad authored Heart of Darkness. Conrad and Achebe set their individual titles in Africa; Achebe is an African writer whereas Conrad is Polish-British. The authors draw strength from their backgrounds to validity the authenticity of their fictional novels. Conrad writes from his experiences in the British and French navies while Achebe uses his African heritage. The theme of culture isRead MoreHeart of Darkness1699 Words à |à 7 PagesThe immortality and blindness to a dark continent Joseph Conradââ¬â¢s s novel ââ¬Å"Heart of Darknessâ⬠portrays an image of Africa that is dark and inhuman. Not only does he describe the actual, physical continent of Africa as ââ¬Å"so hopeless and so dark, so impenetrable to human thought, so pitiless to human weaknessâ⬠, (Conrad 2180) as though the continent could neither breed nor support any true human life. Conrad lived through a time when European colonies were scattered all over the world. This phenomenonRead MoreThe Roots Of The Tree903 Words à |à 4 PagesMarcus Garvey once said, ââ¬Å"A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.â⬠A tree is nothing without its roots, so a person without the knowledge of their roots is nothing. Lets picture a tree representing the human race today. The roots of the tree represent Africa because that is the place of origin, and everything else is the people today. This conclusion has been made and supported by evidence gathered using the four kinds of data. The types
Monday, May 11, 2020
Struggle With Police Brutality - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1450 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/03/29 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Police Brutality Essay Did you like this example? A simple traffic stop can turn deadly in the matter of minutes when youre a man of color. Officers are there to serve and protect but if youre a man of color it might often feel like youre the one needing to be protected from an officer that has gained a talent for racial profiling. Our society in an unconscious way has been made to feel that somehow people of color are naturally more dangerous and commit more, often worse crimes than whites. African Americans and Hispanics only make up 32% of the US population. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Struggle With Police Brutality" essay for you Create order They are the most frequently incarcerated group and face more cases of police brutality, often ending in murder. In 2015 these two groups made up 56% of the total US incarcerated population. Both black and Hispanic men and women are incarcerated at a more rapid rate than whites while receiving longer sentences for the same crimes committed. A study showed that black womens sentences double those of white women who were guilty of the same crime. (NAACP 2018) Why is it that society has this attitude towards people of color and jail sentences are harsher on them than their fellow white citizens who commit the same crime? Why are our men of color dying at the hands of officers? Prior studies done show that black citizens are 3 to 4 times more likely to experience non-lethal force by police than white citizens and 24% more likely to have a gun drawn and pointed at them. (pg 51). Eric Gardner was one of the 1st cases in recent years to trigger a wave of modern-day police brutality force ending in death. Eric, a man who stand over 6 feet tall was selling untaxed cigarettes in a corner of Staten Island, NY where he lost his life after pleading with the officers to let him breathe. I cant breathe were the words he repeated to the officers while on a choke hold before losing his life. (Baker, Goodman, Mueller) Gardner was a fallen victim of police brutality. It could have been easily prevented by handling the situation in a different matter. Perhaps if he werent a big man of color, he wouldnt have been a threat. John Paul Wilson, PhD from Montclair State University said: Unarmed black men are disproportionately more likely to be shot and killed by police, and often these killings are accompanied by explanations that cite the physical size of the person shot, Our research suggests that these descriptions may reflect stereotypes of black males that do not seem to comport with reality. Dr. Wilson and his team conducted a survey of more than 950 people where he showed photos of the faces of black and white men and asked them to judge them by height, weight and strength. Although participants could only see the persons face, they concluded that black men were bigger and stronger than white men although both black and white subjects were the same size. These let to prove Wilsons theory that people tend to see black men as more of a threat than the white men. The study also concluded that the darker the skin of the individual was and the more stereotypical black facial features he had, the more he was associated with being larger. In his research, Dr. Wilson concluded that the false labeling of a black mens larger size contributed to an officers decision to shoot the individual since he was seeming as a bigger threat. This misconception of black men that society has made, puts the life of men of color in heightened dangers when confronting a police officer. 2012-2016 data reports that black males receive on average 19.1 percent longer sentences than while males who committed the same crime. This study found that judges tend to give shorter sentencing to white males than they do black males without advice from the prosecutor. 21.2 percent of black males were less likely to receive a reduce sentence from a judge without request from a prosecutor. While with the request from the prosecutor to reduce the sentence given, black men still receive a sentence 16.8 percent longer. America has a history of seeing black men inferior to white men. From the time of slavery to present day, American has blanketed its white citizens, leaving their minorities unprotected. Perhaps Americas culture still looks at black men to be less than white men, therefore making them pay longer, harsher sentences for the same crimes a white man commits. A conflict theory would be that police need to protect themselves and others against all situations that could put their lives, or the lives of others is danger. By thinking this way and at times making decisions out of fear, they endanger the life of the party or parties involve. This can be very dangerous, harmful and even deadly to the individual involved in a police altercation. It is in human nature to defend yourself when one feels threatened, especially when you feel like you have done nothing wrong. We give officers the power to rule over us and they at times forget that they we are just trying to keep ourselves safe, free of harassment. It seems like today the country is very divided for various reasons. Many people have never faced an unfair police altercation. Many people who are not people of color have never felt what it feels like to be looked down upon or be profiled by authority because of the color or their skin. These people who have never experienced such things cannot allow their sociological imagination to see what the minority is facing; to get into their shoes for a day and see the hardships and unjust treatments they face simply by being of color and walking around a predominantly white neighborhood or fancy store. When we dont allow ourselves to see life in another perspective, the people suffering dont receive the sympathy and justice they deserve. Many people fail to see police racially profiling. Many fail to responsibly admit that police are not always right in the way they handle situations and abuse their power of authority. If we cant get in each others shoes, we will remain divided and minori ties, especially black men will keep falling to their death under the care of police officers. Another example of unfair sentencing is Bill Cosby. I am not here to argue whether he did commit the crimes of sexual abuse he was accused of or not. The purpose of this paragraph is to compare how society handled the accusations held against Cosby, a black man versus the same accusations held against Brett Kavanaugh, a white man. Both men were accused of sexually harassing and assaulting women back in their earlier years of their lives. Bill Cosby received very little support from the media and the public while a great deal of people stood behind Kavanaugh, calling his accuser a liar. Bill Cosby was found guilty of all charges and sentenced to prison. His whole life and extensive career ruined within months while Kavanaugh rose to be a supreme court judge. This is another case of racial profiling, intentionally or not. We cannot give two men accused of the same crimes, completely different sentences. Why is it that one mans career was ruined while the other rose to the top? Both sho uld have paid for their crimes equally. Think back of earlier on the paper on how society sees a black man. In conclusion, both minority men and women receive longer and harsher sentencing than their white counterparts for the same crimes committed. They are more often victims of unjust and unnecessary police force and brutality. Often ending in the premature loss of life of an innocent until proven guilty individual. We are a country that prides itself in many things, one of them being their justice system where everyone has the right to an equal and fair trial. Our most vulnerable citizens often fall through the cracks of the justice system, being sentenced to years, even life in prison for the same crimes committed by white men. Some might not even make it to trial at all because they die during the arrest. Our society needs to get into the shoes of those who are falling victims. See the struggles and lack of justice people of color face simply because of the color of their skin and what stereotypes society believes those darker characteristics make the individuals fall on. Power is not something that should be abused. Ones race cannot be the factor that sets the tone of your experience with law enforcement. A simple traffic stop should not turn deadly because the person is a person of color and are perceived to be bigger and more dangerous.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Widespread Adoption Of Information Technology Essay
The widespread adoption of information technology (IT) has resulted in significant savings in health care costs as well as improved patient health and safety. Today in healthcare facilities, databases store records that can be accessed from anywhere in the world. This results in better data coordination and management (Banova, 2013). The benefits of increased use of IT continues to grow as leaders in the field of medicine create innovative ways to use IT to improve the business and health care side of medicine. IT has increased the efficiency and decreased the cost of doing business. This leads to dollars and an increase in overall patient quality which is critical with the changes in the reimbursement models from CMS (ââ¬Å"Benefits of Healthcareâ⬠, 2015). The city of San Diego as the need and push for IT implementation has grown made a large technology investment and created a health information exchange (HIE). San Diego Health Connect began in efforts to improve healthcare in the San Diego community spearheaded by the University of California. In April 2010, UC San Diego received a grant from the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) on behalf of the community. They named this the Beacon community. The HIE is a vast network of healthcare providers and social services (ââ¬Å"San Diego Health Connectâ⬠, 2015). The HIE quickly grew membership and the participation of the major health systems in San Diego and members continue to grow today. In earlyShow MoreRelatedWhy Medical Practices Should Be Legal963 Words à |à 4 Pagesrestrictions, along with the risk of an unauthorized third parties getting access to patient records are all valid reasons why some medical practices have been reluctant to adopt telehealth use. Patients want to be assured that their protected health information (PHI) is safeguarded with the utmost of care. Likewise, medical providers, in order to be in compliance with current laws on legal issues and to please their patients, want to make sure that they are doing everything in their power to safeguardRead MoreIt in Costa Rica1036 Words à |à 5 Pagesinternally, it also has become an attractive location for foreign companies seeking to establish operations. Therefore, the government has embarked on an aggressive strategy to upgrade the educational system to continue economic development in the high technology areas. According to the dean of the Instituto Technologico de Costa Rica, the country s foremost science and engineering university, the country must find a way to train people for an estimated 10,000 high-tech jobs in every skill level over theRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Apple Company866 Words à |à 4 Pageselectronic commerce and a faster, widespread and economical means of reaching the target market. Website creation is one of the best methods of reaching customers worldwide. Apple should create many website pages in which the products are displayed together with their prices and their qualities. Apple Inc. Global Internet, e-commerce, and mobile technology adoption E-commerce, use of Internet, and use of mobile technology are a very critical and more significant technology upcoming to workplace or organizationalRead MoreAdoption Of Information Technology On Healthcare1103 Words à |à 5 PagesAdoption of Information Technology in Healthcare Anusha Rayapati National University Adoption of Information Technology in Healthcare This article explains the importance of adopting the Information Technology in healthcare industry. This article also discusses about the transformations that information technology can bring to the healthcare industry and potential cost effectiveness and safety benefits. I selected this article as information technology is very important in healthcare PurposeRead MoreElectronic Health Research Paper931 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH Act) was passed as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act on February 17, 2009. The road to patient-centered care was paved with the passing of the HITECH act, which authorized incentive payments through Medicare and Medicaid to clinicians and hospitals when they use EHRs privately and securely to achieve specified improvements in care delivery. If providers do not become meaningful users of EHRs by 2015,Read MorePoor Electricity Supply And Lack Of Internet Connectivity1577 Words à |à 7 Pages3.1. 3 Poor Electricity Supply and Lack of Internet Connectivity Lack of constant supply of electricity has also been identified by many researchers as a major barrier to a successful wider implementation and adoption of EHR in this region (Oluoch, et al., 2012; Awokola, et al., 2012; Pantuvo et al., 2011). For instance, Awokola and colleagues reported that for many months, they could not use the EHR consistently because of constant power outage. On some occasions, the power packs in some centralRead MoreHealthcare Communication As A Result Of Mobile Health Technology921 Words à |à 4 PagesHow healthcare communication as a result of Mobile Health Technology Characterized as the ââ¬Å"Digital Age,â⬠modern technologies are flooding every aspect of our lives and completely transforming healthcare communication. Healthcare technologies have revolutionized information gathering, research, treatments and communication in healthcare. The invention of ââ¬Å"Smart Phones, tablets, and computersâ⬠has changed health care communication because more than 60% of Americans own a smartphone and 42% of theseRead MoreThe Digital Revolution Is Responsible For The Largest Societal Shift Essay1671 Words à |à 7 Pagesthemes is discussed below. Context The digital revolution is responsible for the largest societal shift in history- the rapid rate of consumer uptake in the use of internet as a new technology beats the adoption of other technological developments significantly. While it took decades for the widespread societal adoption of television and radio, the internet was adopted far quicker- from 16 million users in 1995, through to over 3 billion in 2014 (see Image 1 below). Image 1. Worldwide Internet usersRead MoreAn Electronic Health Record System1004 Words à |à 5 PagesIntroduction Health Information Technology, or HIT, is defined by the HHS Office of the National Coordinator of Health IT (ONC) as, ââ¬Å"the application of information processing involving both computer hardware and software that deals with the storage, retrieval, sharing, and use of health care information, data, and knowledge for communication and decision makingâ⬠(HRSA.gov). HIT has improved healthcare in several ways, and continues to improve as well. HIT is used by many healthcare professions suchRead MoreElectronic Health Records Essay934 Words à |à 4 Pagesare accessible through EHRs. EHR Implementation, Adoption, and Optimization There are definitely differences between EHR implementation, adoption, and optimization. Electronic health records are typically considered implemented when an organization receives or installs the technology to make using electronic health records possible and it is able to be used. However, an organization can have implemented EHRs without adopting them because adoption marks the usage and embracement of the electronic
Ancient China Free Essays
Ancient China Free Essays In Ancient China, many people were poor. There were mostly farmer and peasants. Most of the Chinese were very religious. We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient China or any similar topic only for you Order Now They often had ceremonies and practiced several traditions. Artisans and peasants were the lowest of the social pyramid. In ancient China, many people were treated poorly. Especially girls were treated very badly. Girls had to have their feet bound very tightly with bandages. By the age of 6, it was the law for girls to have their feet tied up. The girls of the family were to work in the house and had few privileges. Farmers and artisans were not treated well because of the amount of money they had; which was not much. The kids in ancient China were very much like the kids in our time; in some ways. They definitely worked a lot harder than we did. They also loved toys and games just like all kids do. Their feet were wrapped up because they believed that it would impress their god and they thought it was beautiful. When girls had their feet wrapped up, it caused broken bones and sometime infections. The ancient Chinese also lived in villages. The villages were all very different but mostly religious in similar ways. The majority of the Chinese practiced Buddhism. Kings and queens ruled over China at this time. They ruled over all villages. Also, the families of ancient China really enjoyed playing games and singing. Some of the main activities in ancient China were making pottery, art, hunting and fishing. The grandparents of the family were highly respected even though they did not do much to help the family. They usually lived in their childrenââ¬â¢s house. Most of all, elders were highly thought of. The kids went to school just like kids do now. That is another similarity to today. School was very different there though. The mom of the family usually stayed home and worked. The daughters of the family helped their mom too sometimes. She also made the food, cleaned the house. The moms took care of the children when they were young. The dads hunted and provided the food for the family. The boys of the family often helped the dads provide the food. In conclusion, people then were very similar to us today and very not alike in many ways too. The social structure was extremely different than now. The family life was very different because when we want food, we go to the store and buy our food. Not in ancient China! Same with toys, kids had to make their own! Fathers had to find, kill or make their food. Now we know how much we should appreciate our life! How to cite Ancient China, Essay examples
Ancient China Free Essays
Ancient China Free Essays In Ancient China, many people were poor. There were mostly farmer and peasants. Most of the Chinese were very religious. We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient China or any similar topic only for you Order Now They often had ceremonies and practiced several traditions. Artisans and peasants were the lowest of the social pyramid. In ancient China, many people were treated poorly. Especially girls were treated very badly. Girls had to have their feet bound very tightly with bandages. By the age of 6, it was the law for girls to have their feet tied up. The girls of the family were to work in the house and had few privileges. Farmers and artisans were not treated well because of the amount of money they had; which was not much. The kids in ancient China were very much like the kids in our time; in some ways. They definitely worked a lot harder than we did. They also loved toys and games just like all kids do. Their feet were wrapped up because they believed that it would impress their god and they thought it was beautiful. When girls had their feet wrapped up, it caused broken bones and sometime infections. The ancient Chinese also lived in villages. The villages were all very different but mostly religious in similar ways. The majority of the Chinese practiced Buddhism. Kings and queens ruled over China at this time. They ruled over all villages. Also, the families of ancient China really enjoyed playing games and singing. Some of the main activities in ancient China were making pottery, art, hunting and fishing. The grandparents of the family were highly respected even though they did not do much to help the family. They usually lived in their childrenââ¬â¢s house. Most of all, elders were highly thought of. The kids went to school just like kids do now. That is another similarity to today. School was very different there though. The mom of the family usually stayed home and worked. The daughters of the family helped their mom too sometimes. She also made the food, cleaned the house. The moms took care of the children when they were young. The dads hunted and provided the food for the family. The boys of the family often helped the dads provide the food. In conclusion, people then were very similar to us today and very not alike in many ways too. The social structure was extremely different than now. The family life was very different because when we want food, we go to the store and buy our food. Not in ancient China! Same with toys, kids had to make their own! Fathers had to find, kill or make their food. Now we know how much we should appreciate our life! How to cite Ancient China, Essay examples
Humes Affirmation Analysis Essay Example For Students
Humes Affirmation Analysis Essay David Hume makes a strong affirmation in section IV of an Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Hume states, I shall venture to affirm as a general proposition, which admits of no exception, that the knowledge of this relation is not, in any instance attained by reasonings a priori; but entirely from experience.In this statement, when discussing knowledge of this relation, Hume is referring to the relation between cause and effect. This argument can easily be dismissed as skeptical, for it puts all knowledge of this sort in doubt. However, Hume does not hastily doubt that this knowledge is not a priori, as a skeptic would. Instead Hume offers a sound argument as to why cause and effect knowledge can not be a priori, and thus his argument is not skeptical at all. Before Hume commits himself to this affirmation, he establishes several things first. He explains that all reasonings concerning matter of fact are founded on the relation of Cause and Effect. In support of this, Hume explains that, if asked, any man believing in a matter of fact would give as a reason in support of this fact, some other fact. It is from this that Hume concludes that all reasonings concerning fact are of the same nature. It is here that one continually assumes that there is a connection between the current fact and that, which is inferred from it. Furthermore, Hume states where there nothing to bind them together; the inference would be entirely precarious.Meaning, any matter of fact is supported only by another matter of fact, and if this connection is removed, one is left with a fact that is completely dependent. In addition, any fact will ultimately be dependent on a primary fact, which in turn is founded on cause and effect. It is only after Hume establishes this that he affirms that knowledge of this relation is never attained by reasonings a priori. Knowledge based on cause and effect, for Hume, relies entirely on human experience, and it is for this reason that it can not be a priori. Hume does not blindly state this proposition, he supports it with several examples that I find irrefutable. He suggests that no man when presented with gunpowder can imagine the explosion that can follow. The same is true when discussing the consequences of releasing a stone from ones hand. Without prior knowledge, it would be impossible to predict that the stone would fall to the ground. No object ever discovers, by the qualities that which appear to the senses, either causes which produced it, or the effects which will arise from it; nor can our reason, unassisted by experience, ever draw any inference concerning real existence and matter of fact.It is here that Hume proves that knowledge based on cause and effect relies solely on experience and can not be based on reasonings a priori. Knowledge that is a priori is the exact opposite of knowledge that is obtained through experience. For the very definition of a priori is knowledge that is presupposed as prior to experience. It is apparent, from Humes past arguments that certain things are impossible to know prior to experience. Hume applies this same reasoning to all the laws of nature, and all the operations of bodies. He states that it is the influence of custom to infer that anyone without prior knowledge, would be able to predict the communication of motion between one Billiard-ball to another upon impulse. Hume follows by stating, were any object presented to us, and were we required to pronounce concerning the effect, which would result from it, it would be impossible to do so, without consulting past observation.In all aspects of matter of fact, Hume has provided sufficient evidence, to support his affirmation. .u33a72c0b019600760db673a4384bcd9a , .u33a72c0b019600760db673a4384bcd9a .postImageUrl , .u33a72c0b019600760db673a4384bcd9a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u33a72c0b019600760db673a4384bcd9a , .u33a72c0b019600760db673a4384bcd9a:hover , .u33a72c0b019600760db673a4384bcd9a:visited , .u33a72c0b019600760db673a4384bcd9a:active { border:0!important; } .u33a72c0b019600760db673a4384bcd9a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u33a72c0b019600760db673a4384bcd9a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u33a72c0b019600760db673a4384bcd9a:active , .u33a72c0b019600760db673a4384bcd9a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u33a72c0b019600760db673a4384bcd9a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u33a72c0b019600760db673a4384bcd9a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u33a72c0b019600760db673a4384bcd9a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u33a72c0b019600760db673a4384bcd9a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u33a72c0b019600760db673a4384bcd9a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u33a72c0b019600760db673a4384bcd9a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u33a72c0b019600760db673a4384bcd9a .u33a72c0b019600760db673a4384bcd9a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u33a72c0b019600760db673a4384bcd9a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Hobit EssayA skeptical argument is one in which everything is doubted. Hume is certainly not doubting everything when affirms that knowledge relating to cause and effect is never a priori. For it is in this same affirmation that he offers an alternate explanation to knowledge of this relation. Instead of solely doubting, as a skeptic would, Hume offers experience as an alternate explanation to the relation between matters of fact. While Hume does deny that knowledge of the relation between cause and effect is a priori, he is far from skeptical. He instead gives a complete and sound argument as to why this knowledge is based on experience instead. It is for this reason that his argument is not a skeptical on. Bibliography:Hume, David, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
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